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Abstract
This paper develops a client-side context-aware search application which is built on the context-aware infrastructure. A context-aware architecture is designed to collect the mobile user’s context information, derive mobile user’s current context, distribute user context among context-aware applications, and support the context-aware applications. The context acquisition is centralized at the context server to ensure the reusability of context information among mobile devices, while context reasoning remains at the application level. Algorithms are proposed to consider the user context profiles. By promoting feedback on the dynamics of the system, prior user selection is now saved for further analysis expediting a subsequent search. A software-based proxy is set up at the client side which includes the context reasoning component. Implementation of such a proxy supports that the context applications are able to derive the user context profiles. To meet the practical demands required of a testing environment, a software simulation using Yahoo search API is provided as a means to evaluate the effectiveness of the design approach in a realistic way. The integration of user context into Yahoo search engines proves how context-aware searches can meet user demands for tailored services and products in and around the user’s environment.
Keywords Context Awareness, Context Server, Mobile Search, Personalized Search, User Profile. I.
I NTRODUCTION
A decade ago, pioneer Mark Weiser envisioned that a human would live in an environment surrounded by hundreds of invisible computers connected with wireless networks [1]. Chen and Kots stated “Context is the set of environmental states and settings that either determines an applications’ behavior or in which an application event occurs which is interesting to the user” [2]. In ubiquitous computing, “context” should reflect the mobile user’s current state including physical and psychological behavior, mobile applications based on the explicit and implicit input, artifacts, social interaction, surround events, and environment.
To support such “context aware utility” anytime and everywhere, a context-aware architecture is required to actively acquire, analyze, and adapt to mobile user’s given contexts, such as physical environment, social activities, and other dynamic
characteristics at different levels without consuming much of the user’s attention . Harry Chen proposed a context-aware architecture that separated the context acquisition completely from the resource-constrained mobile devices [3] .
Unlike most existing context architectures, this paper tries to strike a balance of responsibilities between the context server and mobile devices. The context server undertakes the context data collection from various sources including wireless sensor network and the mobile devices. In addition, the context server allows third-party vendors or service providers to register their services and products. Context server distributes the user context among networks, user devices, and applications. The mobile applications become increasingly important source for user data. The ability of acquiring user data at client side should not be taken lightly. The mobile devices should play a role in collecting user context data given the increasingly capable applications.
Because of the variable and unstable nature of user context, the difficulty in context awareness at client side lies in the extraction of useful feature/context from changeable user situations. It is therefore important to design new algorithms at the client side to undertake the preliminary context analysis of user situation. Algorithms and a proxy at client side are proposed to relieve the networks (i.e., servers) of the computing burden and reduce the need for uplink bandwidth [4]. Such proxy manages the user context profiles to 1) filter out irrelevant user information and describe the user’s current context; 2) update server with current user context; 3) assist in predicting user intention at both server and client sides. For mobile users, one of the challenges in the information retrieval is the establishment of a context sensitive retrieval process. Furthermore, the mobile search for information on portable devices should match the web searches. Currently, most web search algorithms are limited solutions for context sensitive retrieval and mobile search. This is so because most existing algorithms do not take into account mobile user context inputs, such as surrounding environment. For this reason, a context-aware search scheme at server side (i.e., A Client-Server Architecture for Context-Aware Search Application Feng Gui, Magno Guillen, Naphtali Rishe, Armando Barreto, Jean Andrian, Malek Adjouadi Center for Advanced Technology and Education College of Engineering and Computing Florida International University |
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